Apparatus for cracking and refining oil



July 15, 1924.

E. A. REILLY ET AL APPARATUS FOR CRACKING AND REFINING OIL Filed Oct. 19. 1921 Patented July 15, 1924.

1,501,371 PATENT ounce.

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Application filed mm 19, 1921., Serial so. 503,825. I

To all whom it may concern;

Be it known that we, Enca'un. Rnnmr and ROBERT M. MGLAIN, citizens. of the United States, residing at Forth Worth.

'in thecounty of Tarrant and State of Texas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Crack ingand Refining Oil, of which-the follow mgis a specification. i

This invention relatesto an apparatus for cracking and refining -mineral oil under pressurein pipes and a still, in-which pressure is produced by a pump and circulating pipes instead of by vapors.

The ob'ect of our invention is to provide 'for simpllfying the cracking process foam,

fining oi l by operating under pressure of a pump through a series of circulating pipes instead of ressure produced by vapors alone in a still chamber.

Another object is to provide a simple, compact and effective 'apparatus which can be economically operated for producing:

gasoline or other low boiling point oils from relatively high boiling pointyoils;

The matter constitutlng our invention will be defined in the claims.

We will now describe the details of constructionof one embodiment of apparatus in walls X, and having adapted for carrying out our process, by

reference to the accompanying drawing,

which represents a longitudinal; sectional elevation of the apparatus.

In our apparatus we preferably use a cylindrical still 1 mad 0f boiler iron set dome 2, with which connects" a vapor outlet pipe 3, having .a

valve 4. The outlet pipe may connect with a well lmown condenser, not here shown. The valve 4 may be adjusted to "place. the contents of .the still chamber 1 under any .desired pressure, but we do not depend on vapors alone to roduce ressure on the oil in the still, or mi the pipes located partly in the still. The pressure will'be produced by a pump or equlvalent 'means for forcing I the 011 under pressure into ipes 8, 8 as described below. An oil mlet pipe 5, having a 'valve 5", connects with the still, and a body of oil is referablymaintained in the'latter up to t e line w. An outlet pipe 6, havin a valve 6, (a suction lme).

leads from t e still, at a suitable hei ht above the bottom, and connects with a high ressure amp 7. The discharge pi -line leads om he pump and is pre erably gas or oil burners 16 or by ot simply slid over the nozzle.

with a pivot post or standard 13.

! connected inlengths by return-bend cou plers aor elbows, to form a serpentine coil m a furnace or heating chamber W below thestill 1. The chamber ma be heated by her fuel. The coil 8 enters the lower part of the still'at a and is continued as aserpentine coil 8 to the union coupler b where it connects with a jet orspray nozzle 9, ha a contractedpassage 10, like a Venturi tube, and provided with a valve seat The outer surface-of the nozzle 9 may be screwthreaded. Above the nozzle is secured a pendent valve housing 12 having a downward extension 12 adapted to fit over the nozzle and be secured thereto by a threaded connection. .The extension may, however, be

threaded connection is used the housing 12 will serve to hold the nozzle with its seat If a screw 10 in the desired position with reference to the needle valve 15. The housing 12. is also provided with a spray chamber 12" having openings 11 for discharging vapor,

and oil spray'into the still chamber 1. The housing 12 is preferably secured by bolts 0 directly to the top of the still, but may be otherwise supported in place within the still chamber 1- A complementary part 13 of the valve housing, which may be a casting, is also secured by the bolts 0 to the top plate of the still and is provided The parts 12 and 13 have registering central openings 11 forthe needle valve 15 and the part 13 has a stufling box e for said valve. The post 13 may be slotted and have pivotally connected to it by a pin g, the

weighted lever 14, carrying an adjustable weight d. Near the 0st 13 is pivotally connected by-a pin f, t eneedle valve 15, having, a oint 15 ada ted to close on the seat 10.an thus contro the pressure in the coil 8-8 are conduits. .The weight on .thenlever of the needle valve 15 will be adjusted to maintain the desired pressure in the conduits and to pop off at or above 30 pounds pressure. The

heated 'oil -"an'd 'vapor' will 'be" e'xpelled, -through nozzle 9 and will hit with great force the wallet the spray chamber '12 and above the body. of oil an thus be dashed into spray, and the distillate and cracked vapor will ass into the' space d thence off through pipe 3 to .a condenser. Oil will be supplied to'the'still 1 through pipe 5 till a sufficient body thereof is formed, which may be up to or near the line w. Thevcoils or conduits 8,

8 and the still are suitably heated by oil =or-gas burners 16 or other fuel and then the pump 7 is started to circulate oil through the system. The oil passingthrough the coil 8 serves toheat the body ofoil in the still.

Any heavy oil which is forced out of the nozzle="9. and not properly vaporized will fall back/into the body of oil in the still to ,be again forced or circulated through the system. 'Any solid matter,- as carbon, which is forced out through the nozzle 9 will fall .into the bottom of the still chamber and may be-drawn off when cleaning the still.-"-- Residual oil may be drawn off from the still at suitable intervals by a stopcock 17 having a .valve 11.. ,In practice the still will be provided with the necessary manholes and covers. The operation of the apparatus is very simpleand can be carried out by a'few laborers. N I .Having describedourinvention, what we claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent,

' 1. Apparatus for distilling-and cracking oil, comprising a still, a conduit for liquid outside of the still, means for supplying oil under pressure to said conduit, means for heating said conduit, a conduit in thestil1 connecting with the outside conduit, for heat ing a body of oil' in the still, and a spraying device connecting with the inner conduit in the up'pdr part of the still, whereby oil may be forced under pressure, heated and serve spray nozzle.

,foraheatinga body of .511 in the still and thlen sprayed in contact with such body of 01 2 Apparatus for distilling and cracking oil, com'prising a still, a'cOIiduit therein for jecting intov said spray chamber, an automatically regulated needle valve controlling said spray, said spray chamber having walls adjacent said spray, and means for forcing hot' oil under high pressure through said spray and against the walls of said spray chamber.

4. Apparatus for .distillin and cracking 'oil, comprising a still, a con uit therein terminating ina spray nozzle, having a valve seat, an automatic pressure valve adapted to rest on said seat, and means for forcin oil under pressure through-said condiut, and.

5. Apparatus for distilling and cracking oil, comprlsing ast1ll, a conduit therein, a spray nozzle connecting to the end of'said conduit and having. a. valve seat, :a housing for a needle valve secured above the nozzle near the top ofthe still, a needle valve in the housing and ada ted toclose on said-seat and means for holdlng it under pressure on its seat for causlng a worklng pressure in.

the coil and still. i I In testimony whereof we aifixour-signatures.

EUGENE A. REILLY. i

ROBERT M. MoLAIN. 

